Caring for Your Feet as a Diabetic

Diabetes can cause several complications throughout the body, and the feet are particularly vulnerable. The primary reasons these issues arise include poor blood sugar control, damaged nerves, and impaired circulation. Let’s take a deeper look at how these problems develop and what causes specific symptoms like swelling, pain, burning sensations, and loss of feeling in the feet.

Why Do Foot Problems Occur in Diabetics?

1. High Blood Sugar Levels (Hyperglycemia):
   • When blood sugar levels are consistently high, blood vessels and nerves become damaged over time. This weakens circulation and reduces nerve function, especially in the extremities, like the feet.
2. Diabetic Neuropathy (Nerve Damage):
   • High glucose levels damage the small nerves, leading to numbness, tingling, pain, and burning sensations in the feet. This condition is called diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
   • Neuropathy can also reduce your ability to feel pain, which increases the risk of unnoticed injuries or infections.
3. Poor Circulation (Peripheral Artery Disease – PAD):
   • Diabetes affects the blood vessels, causing them to narrow and restrict blood flow to the feet. This poor circulation leads to cold, swollen, and painful feet.
   • When your blood supply is compromised, even small injuries take longer to heal, and swelling may become more persistent.
4. Fluid Retention and Swelling:
   • The combination of poor circulation and nerve dysfunction can result in fluid buildup in the feet and ankles. This is why swollen feet are a common issue in diabetics.
5. Burning Feet Syndrome (Peripheral Neuropathy):
   • Burning feet occur when nerves misfire due to damage, sending pain signals even when no actual injury or heat is present. This burning sensation can worsen at night, disrupting sleep.
6. Infections and Wounds:
   • When diabetics lose sensation in their feet, they might not notice minor injuries. With poor circulation and slow healing, these injuries can quickly turn into infections or ulcers if not treated promptly.

Preventing and Managing These Issues

Control Blood Sugar Levels:

Managing your blood sugar is the most critical step in preventing nerve damage and circulation problems.

Promote Blood Flow:

Staying active and moving your feet regularly helps keep blood flowing to the extremities. Gentle foot exercises can be beneficial.

Practical Tips for Healthy Feet

1. Daily Foot Inspections:
   • Check your feet every day for cuts, sores, redness, or swelling. Use a mirror to check the soles if needed.
2. Wash and Moisturize Daily:
   • Wash your feet with lukewarm water and a mild soap.
   • Dry thoroughly between the toes and apply a moisturizer to prevent dryness and cracking.
3. Keep Blood Flow Moving:
   • Avoid sitting or standing in one position for too long.
   • Elevate your feet while sitting and do gentle foot exercises (like ankle rotations) to promote circulation.
4. Wear Proper Footwear:
   • Choose shoes that fit well and have cushioned soles to reduce pressure.
   • Wear clean socks daily and avoid tight elastic bands that restrict circulation.
5. Trim Toenails Safely:
   • Trim toenails straight across to prevent ingrown nails.
   • If vision or flexibility is a challenge, ask a healthcare professional for help.
6. Manage Blood Sugar Levels:
   • Consistent blood sugar control reduces the risk of foot problems.